Stakeholder Theory

According to the principle of stakeholder relations, a company is accountable to more than simply its shareholders. Stakeholders are hopeful and interested in the climate change issue since it is significant to society. Firms are under pressure from society to publish environmental information, both directly and indirectly. Since firm management is better familiar with business operations than other stakeholders, information disclosure can serve as a communication channel between the company and its stakeholders. Companies are encouraged to publish information willingly to get access to high-quality resources since investors are constantly reviewing connected information. Information asymmetry and agency costs are decreased by the voluntary publication of gas emission data. The legitimacy and stakeholder perspectives complement one another.

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STEWARDSHIP THEORY

Donaldson and Davis established the stewardship theory in 1989 and offered it as a normative substitute for the agency theory. Stewardship theory offers a non-economic foundation for describing the connection, unlike agency theory, which prioritises control and conflict (Sundaramuthy and Lewis 2003). According to the stewardship hypothesis, managers will take good care of the resources they are in charge of. It also asserts a direct link between employee happiness and an organization's ability to succeed. "Stewardship is the prudent practice of Allocation, management, and supervision of capital to produce long-term value for customers and beneficiaries, resulting in long-term gains for the economy, the environment, and society. Therefore, it is clear that stewardship must be seen from a long-term perspective in order to produce sustainable advantages for the stakeholders. According to the stewardship hypothesis, ownership just holds a firm trust rather than really owning it. A...

Resource Based Theory (RBT)

RBT, or resource-based theory, is a well-known method for strategic management. In order for a company to maintain a competitive edge, it has been frequently used as a managerial framework to identify essential resources. The theory offers a crucial framework for deriving explanations for and projections of the basic drivers of a firm's performance and competitive advantage. Penrose (2009) introduced Resource-Based Theory (RBT) for the first time by putting up a model for the efficient management of organisations' resources, diversification tactics, and business possibilities. The idea of seeing a corporation as a coordinated collection of resources to address and tackle how it might achieve its goals and strategic behaviour was first put out in Penrose's book. RBT offers a framework to identify and foresee the core elements of business performance and competitive advantage. In response to prior managerial interest in the industry structure, a more macro viewpoint, RBT tu...

Business Report: Hospitality sector during Covid 19 pandemic period

Abstract This business report briefly discusses the topic "Global hospitality industry during the Covid 19 pandemic period". The report mainly focuses on how Covid 19 pandemic impacted the industry, three significant challenges faced by the companies during this period and activities and actions the management needs to undertake to manage these challenges. In addition, after graduation, I need to express my opinion on working in the hospitality industry and self-reflection on the research findings. Introduction Covid 19 pandemic negatively impacted almost whole sectors of the global economy (UNWTO, 2020). But the consequences of the Covid 19 pandemic spread is not equal in all industry; the impact is more visible in some sectors like the hospitality industry, tourism industry and other supporting industries. Due to this pandemic, the industrial growth, revenue and stock price decreased in the first quarter of the official confirmation (23rd Jan 2020) of Covid 19 sprea...

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